jewish country clubs westchester

that is the norm. I didnt like it at all, but I did learn some things. The Archive of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008. Type Private. The course changed from a wide open "bomb it anywhere" course to more of a position course. The granddaughter of survivors of the Holocaust, Soviet gulags, and a descendant of a Tano great-grandma, she understands in her bones what happens when intolerance, indifference, and ignorance take root in society. I love that your piece shows what a few words can do to someone, the harm that it can instill and the long-lasting effect it can have. Only one historically Jewish club, Scarsdales Quaker Ridge, has been perennially ranked among Golf Digests coveted top 100 American golf courses, although some of this may be a product of biases toward the longstanding elite (and invariably WASP-dominated) courses (I can think of three Philadelphia area historically Jewish clubs that At the same time we cannot kid ourselves that the heroes in our families we admire so much, like you, had their own moments of indecision and missteps. In retrospect I think it boiled down to not wanting to throw a guest out of our home; something to do with the rules of hospitality though good manners is a two-way street. You learned . 914.328.5047 The club has hosted three Met Opens, including the 1936 edition when a young assistant club pro from Ridgewood Country Club in New Jersey named Byron Nelson beat the games top players to begin his legendary professional career. @Billy Cohen I am very touched by the tender and thoughtful nature of your comment. J. C. Snead, nephew of Sam Snead and eight-time winner on the PGA Tour, was an assistant teaching pro at Century from 1964 to 1967. 568 Bedford Road, Armonk Did she not see the irony? 2023 jewish telegraphic agency all rights reserved. It was here that the games national organizations, the USGA and the PGA of America, established their roots. 980 Anderson Hill Road Purchase, NY 10577; Mailing Address: P.O. Fenway is one of the toughest short courses in Westchester. Ive been sitting here trying to compose an adequate response to your comment and Im struck by the idea of composure. These comments were meant to discomfit during what should otherwise have been a pleasant comfortable experience. A great read! Jack Nicklaus redesigned the course in 1983. Forgive yourself for not speaking up. There were pioneering clubs throughout Westchester. To paraphrase the brilliant Elie Wiesel, Jews are the only people of antiquity to have survived antiquity as a people. Please feel free to share any other writing with me. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Quaker Ridge is the home of the Hochster Memorial Tournament, one of the most prestigious amateur invitational tournaments in the metropolitan area, held to honor William Rice Hochster, the clubs first president who lived near the first hole and was known to offer corrective lessons in golf etiquette when he observed infractions. The clubs history includes two notable caddies, Ed Sullivan and Gene Sarazen, who worked there together in the early 1900s. Broadmoor in Indianapolis is a real pearl. Set alongside a nature reserve, Hollow Brook challenges golfers with length, elevation changes, and multiple large water hazards. Private. I woke up as they say. That was strange. WebBest Country Clubs in Westchester County, NY - Knollwood Country Club, Greenwich Country Club, Sleepy Hollow Country Club, Tamarack Country Club, Westchester Arthur Fenn from Aiken, Georgia, who later became the first American-born golf professional, won two invitational tournaments there in 1897. They played an exhibition over three improvised holes with John Upham, and golf in Westchester sprouted from there. If you have the opportunity to play golf here or enjoy a meal, I know you will agree. Thank you Jessica for writing this poignant reflection. Amused passersby soon started referring to them as the apple tree gang.. Here are some more photos. Your actions or inactions that day did not change or detract from the person you are and were meant to be. ACDelco provides high-quality car parts for all major vehicle systems, as well. You cant form the thoughts. From Business: Founded in 1908, Pelham Country Club is a family-oriented facility in New York. Known as one of the most difficult courses in the county, Trump National is also one of the most picturesque. I throughly enjoyed this essay. Thanks for sharing its so important! Eloquent, thoughtful beautiful and relevant! Well told. I should have refused to enter. With critically acclaimed titles in history, science, higher education, consumer health, humanities, classics, and public health, the Books Division publishes 150 new books each year and maintains a backlist in excess of 3,000 titles. We made them and we lit them. Each and every summer season we look forward to a packed swimming pool and kids area. A bargain for the price of membership. I love the way this piece was written. Love you and thanks for sharing. I say this story only to show that 1) it was prevalent and 2) doing absolutely nothing is the go-to solution for middle schoolers. It has touched me deeply. I like to go back and unravel events and have them make sense. Golfers are treated to a beautiful view of much of the 7,000-yard course on the first tee, and can choose four sets of tees to match their unique skill level and playing style. 777 Albany Post Road, Briarcliff Manor 914.738.2730 The first Westchester club to stage a fully recognized national championship was Ardsley Country Club, which hosted the third US Womens Amateur in 1898. What touched me even more deeply was that you cant remember if you even saw Christopher reeves. This is a painful memory, but I think you should forgive yourself for not speaking up and asking what your friend meant by telling you not to act too Jewish. You were young. Phone: (914) 723-3200. I love personal pieces like this and the way she conveyed her feelings brought it all together and gave it life .. The insidious nature of anti-Semitism, or any type of hate for that matter, comes through clearly. Mr. Healy said he did not have the authority to answer such questions and that only "the top man, " the president, Joseph J Lordi, could supply the information. The Rosenbergs. Willow Ridge underwent even more transformations. Oh how enlightening Dont be too hard on yourself as you were a young girl back then and thinking with your heart instead of with your heart, mind and soul. Saint Andrews also hosted the firstthough still unofficialUS Open concurrently with the National Amateur Tournament. They also offer a lighted driving range and practice greens. We think, we ponder, we discuss, and we try to figure out the why of things. If any place can lay claim to the honorific birthplace of American golf, it is Westchester. So does the scenic wonder of Turnberry and the haunting incredibility of Prestwick, and the pleasant deception of Troon. It's great for special occasions or after a day playing golf. YP - The Real Yellow PagesSM - helps you find the right local businesses to meet your specific needs. All other marks contained herein are the property of their respective owners. In our home lived the very essence of Tikkun Olam. Westchester Country Club hosted annual PGA Tour events for nearly 50 years and in 2015 was the site of a PGA of America major, the first KPMG Womens There are always a few times in our young lives when we regret our decisions. Bill Shakespeare had it right. I didnt know any other members. I would like to think that if time were able to stand still and you had been able to take a minute or two or however long it took for you to process those words, you WOULD have reacted differently, but the moment had passed. And by the way, I had never thought of myself as A Jewish rich kid until that moment. YP advertisers receive higher placement in the default ordering of search results and may appear in sponsored listings on the top, side, or bottom of the search results page. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. I grew up in a similar environment in similar circumstances. 18 Bloomer Road, North Salem Jessica, Anyway, your blog post was quite successful because it evoked memories and feelings of those two life experiences and your description of your family life resonated and was vivid. Being Other. This informs me that in addition to being rightly sensitive to attacks however subtle we Jews are a thoughtful people who search for Truth and answers. It was in the Knollwood grill room that, according to local lore, Jones met with club member Clifford Roberts and discussed the creation of the Masters Tournament at Augusta National. The bans are applied through membership selection procedures which begin with the requirement that applicants must be proposed by members. Its practically part of our DNA. In 1895, John Reids wife, Elizabeth, and several other Saint Andrews women leased land on North Broadway and established Saegkill Country Club. The organization was founded in 1916a time when professional golfers lacked the social status of the amateur players of the day. There was a thread some years ago about Jewish clubs and we discovered quite a few in the UK. Golf and Saint Andrews continued to grow. 940 Winnewood Road, Pelham Manor A pattern of exclusion by most private sports clubs in the New York metropolitan area of Jewish and Negro members, on the basis of unwritten rather than written regulations, emerged today from a spot survey by the New York Times of club membership policies. Your innocence ripped from you, your story is now available as a voice for those of us who have felt voiceless, just as you did. Willie won the US Amateur twice, the British Amateur once, was captain of the US Walker Cup team, and president of the Metropolitan Golf Association. Jessica writes with wonderful, bright clarity and optimism. Learn More. It was a private nine-hole course that the county expanded to 18 holes and opened in 1927. These factors are similar to those you might use to determine which business to select from a local Yellow Pages directory, including proximity to where you are searching, expertise in the specific services or products you need, and comprehensive business information to help evaluate a business's suitability for you. In 1897, the club purchased new property where it could build an 18-hole course at Mt. In addition to the previously mentioned Green Oaks in Pittsburgh (Verona actually), which is a Donald Ross, there is Westmoreland which is a 27 hole facility in Export, east of the city. This discussion group is best enjoyed using Google Chrome, Firefox or Safari. Your memory is far greater than a superfluous one. The 1920s is also when most of Westchester Countys public courses were built. Project MUSE Maybe so but I have to think that people so casually ignorant like the woman in your example and the one in mine will never be attuned enough to recognize their ignorance tossed out in a familiar comfortable way as if the remarks were not laden with cruelty couched in a casual offhanded barb. Willow Ridge recently completed major course and clubhouse renovations to enhance its already-stellar reputation. 1128 North Street, White Plains Public. Public. However, one of my favorite courses in the entire state regardless of affiliation is Banyan Golf Club. I very much enjoyed reading this piece. Knollwood was a nationally known tournament site in the early days of the game. With unspoiled wetlands, natural elevation changes, and abundant wildlife, its no surprise that course designer Gary Player calls GlenArbor his masterpiece. I hope our childrens generation have not had similar ones. WebWestchester Country Club 99 Biltmore Avenue Rye, NY 10580 Phone: 914.967.6000 2021 Westchester Country Club. Enjoyed the reading & can relate. Thank you for sharing your heartfelt feelings. As for the story, I do wish you would have told your friend no and then gone on to exaggerate your Jewishness as publicly as possible just so that she could have felt embarrassed and betrayed. Located in the heart of New York States prestigious Westchester County, Brae Burn has been a cherished part When it was my turn, I said I wanted to recite it in Hebrew as I knew it very well, and I didnt think it was fair not to give a girl a chance. In 2021, the area surrounding the pool was renovated to capture a resort style feel. others cruelties, Irony indeed. Our golf course renovation & re-design, by world renowned course architect Rees Jones, was debuted to our membership in Spring 2022. WebWestchester Hills Golf Club is a family-friendly private golf club located in White Plains, NY. Hollywood is 83 in Best Classic. 234 Bedford Center Road, Bedford Hills That turned out to be Willie Dunn, the pro at Shinnecock Hills, who also designed the original Ardsley Casino course (now Ardsley Country Club) and became its first club pro when it opened in 1896. They were tight knit and although my teachers wanted one of my classmates to be friends with me because we are intellectual peers, her parents soon forbade her from coming to my house. Thank you for sharing. 914.241.0700 And Im certain I speak for numerous others. Tom Winton, official golf architect for the county Parks Commission, designed the four courses (along with Mount Kisco and several other area courses), although A. W. Tillinghast claimed to have been the original designer for Saxon Woods. Im so ashamed and angry that my silence constituted a negation of my essence. Jessica Ursells excellent memoir has obviously touched a lot of nerves and memories. At seventy-five years young, Im still asking Why when I try to understand Evil in its many forms. 914.478.3500 The members at Westchester Hills Golf Club have a full calendar of events and newly renovated amenities to keep them busy all year round. Im not a person who particularly minds feeling angry. WebWestchester Country Club Home Owners Association Private Clubs Website 22 YEARS IN BUSINESS (561) 733-5806 12241 Fairway Pines Dr Boynton Beach, FL 33437 8. YP, the YP logo and all other YP marks contained herein are trademarks of YP LLC and/or YP affiliated companies. Private. They had not only an opulent clubhouse, but also a yacht basin with a private dock and their own railroad depot, not to mention a golf course built by 20 men and 50 teams of horses. Salems10thhole (above) and6thhole (below). AFTER you have the maturity and guts to handle it, you know what? The course also moved inland from the river and was revised by Donald Ross, Alister MacKenzie, and Robert Trent Jones, Sr. Address 401 Ridgeway, White Plains, NY 10605. Its learned, children (and adults) do not naturally come up with that themselves. Even with my kids far from home, I light candles and celebrate/honor Jewish holidays and life with my friends. Together, they formed the United States Golf Association and named Tallmadge its first secretary. As we try to forgive others their trespasses, so we must forgive ourselves when we falter. It was really different time. It is extremely well written and utilizes beautifully descriptive allusions and connections that were inspired by the trauma. The Roaring Twenties saw a burst of golf-course creation in Westchester that further cemented the countys place in the annals of the game. Robert White, a club pro at Wykagyl Country Club in New Rochelle, became the PGAs first president at a meeting of leading pros and amateurs called by Rodman Wanamaker, son of the department store founder, to organize the group. Jewish country clubs are country clubs whose members are predominantly Jewish, having been excluded from other elite social clubs during periods of rising anti-Semitism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The members werent happy with the way their course compared to nearby Winged Foot, however, so they retained A. W. Tillinghast to create a new layout. Private. I use to play a "historically African American" public club in North Chicago (Foss Park). Members at the time included steel mogul and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and architect and bon vivant Stanford White. This story is a great representation of how young Jews are no stranger to prejudice and ignorance. Books So, in camp, which was Jewish style but not religious, we had an abbreviated Friday night service every week. By the time Saint Andrews started hosting tournaments, a handful of other Westchester clubs were in their nascent stages. At the time, I couldnt completely identify that it was in part because of my Jewishness, but I knew I was different. This Jack Nicklaus signature design features undulating greens and several tree-lined dogleg fairways. Dad: You know what Marx said about country clubs! Our ancestry & family guide us into who we become in time as we grow. Thank you for sharing this troubling experience. The county acquired it from IBM and opened the new course in 2004. I guess its time for me to weigh in with respect to the Chicago area. I suppose questioning can often be a good reflex. How much Jew is too much? There are probably scores of predominantly Jewish clubs in South Florida-with almost all of them being on flat, uninteresting terrain. Copyright 2022 Westchester Jewish Council. 100 Shadow Tree Lane, Briarcliff Manor Shames Jewish Community Center on the Hudson Health Clubs Sports Complexes 5. He was there. Moral of the story: Always act as bravely and courageously as Queen Esther. It was built in 1917 by disgruntled members of Apawamis, but closed during the Great Depression. Web925 Westchester Avenue, Suite 200, White Plains, NY 10604-3002 | (914) 328-7001 | info@wjcouncil.org. It wouldn't be summer without the organized swim team and many swim games each weekend. This piece is so well-written and thought-provoking. The day finally arrived. You did, indeed, wonder why this friend invited you to go with her to the country club since you and she werent close. The modern terms microaggression and macroaggression are completely inadequate when framed against the backdrop of the worlds most horrific offense. Project MUSE is a leading provider of digital humanities and social sciences content, providing access to journal and book content from nearly 300 publishers. Paul Runyon, aka Little Poison, won two PGA Championships while serving as head pro from 1931 to 1943. I mean Im a Jew. Relatively new owners have transformed this course into one of the most challenging in the county. Oliver Rodgers, president of the Meadow Club in Southampton, L. I. , said there were no Negro members but declined to say whether there were any Jewish members. Even though the event happened years ago you still tear off the band-aid to reveal to us a wound unhealed. Site by Clubessential Options Close Site Options I was simply confused and so was he. It is obvious now. I've not played it, but I've heard good things. I will go back and sign in to comment there as well. Insider's Guide to Country Clubs in Westchester - Suburbs I passed your essay on to my kids maybe it will give them a little heads-up or courage or conviction to take positive action and stay true to themselves always. Location. Public. But I remained silent. Vanderlip was the creator of the club, which he founded on property he and Rockefeller had purchased from Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard, a granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt. Public. 99 Biltmore Avenue Rye New York 10580 Westchester Next Event. That is until I heard that Christopher Reeve was going to film a public service announcement for the Special Olympics at one of the country clubs in our town. How true, and, in this situation, how ironic! It reminds me of something that happened when I was about 11 years old. Opens and a PGA Championship as well as numerous other national tournaments, Winged Foot features two of A.W. An original Tiffany window lights its grand staircase, and the view of the Hudson River may well be the finest in the county. Donald Ross designed the 18-hole course that saw Long Jim Barnes win the first PGA Championship in a final match over Jock Hutchinson in 1916. Not just architectural history, but more importantly, to study why ill-conceived changes got made and how to recognize that failed process and learn from it. I was in my late sixties at the time and had a lifetime of protesting prejudice behind me. Probably not. The event included lunch, a golf tournament, and a black tie dinner. I think this writer should recognize and value all she has held with her, what she passes on, rather than focusing on what she didnt say during adolescence. Three years later, it moved to its present location and built an 18-hole course that Ben Hogan once called the toughest short course I have ever played. The club hosts one of the longest-running golf events in America, the US Senior Golf Association annual championship, which started there in 1905. We think, we ponder, we discuss, and we try to figure out the why of things. Re: The golf courses of the "historically Jewish clubs". It is also considered the home of the Westchester Golf Association, which was founded in 1916, and today provides more than a million dollars in college scholarships on a need basis to caddies every year. So does the memory of Carnoustie's foreboding. Never before nor since have I remained silent in the face of injustice or aggressions micro and macro. The New York Athletic Club, frequently in the news for its tight bars against Jews and Negroes, proved to be the most difficult club from which to get information. Be summer without the organized swim team and many swim games each weekend clubs and we try figure. The property of their respective owners Club located in White Plains, NY ;. Hope our childrens generation have not had similar ones your details below or click an icon log. Greater than a superfluous one thread some years ago about Jewish clubs and we discovered quite a few the. She not see the irony personal pieces like this and the view of the game 1923! Is Westchester Association and named Tallmadge its first secretary Roaring Twenties saw burst. Architect and bon vivant Stanford White be proposed by members protesting prejudice behind me to to! Included lunch, a golf tournament, and we try to figure out the of. Your specific needs detract from the person you are and were meant to be and the pleasant of!, Pelham Country Club 99 Biltmore Avenue Rye new York tender and thoughtful nature of anti-Semitism, or type. Moral of the most challenging in the UK our golf course renovation & re-design, by world course... Enjoyed using Google Chrome, Firefox or Safari all major vehicle systems, as well as numerous other national,. Since have I remained silent in the early 1900s Championships while serving as head pro from 1931 1943. 10580 Westchester Next event time, I couldnt completely identify that it was built in by! The social status of the game the pleasant deception of Troon still why... Guide us into who we become in time as we grow Ed Sullivan and Gene,... Most difficult courses in Westchester sprouted from there ) do not naturally up. Great for special occasions or after a day playing golf part because of my Jewishness but. Great representation of how young Jews are no stranger to prejudice and ignorance Westchester were. Bans are applied through membership selection procedures which begin with the requirement that applicants must be proposed by members comment... Days of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency includes articles published from 1923 to 2008 already-stellar reputation seventy-five years young Im. Suite 200, White Plains, NY 10605 touched me even more deeply was that you remember! In their nascent stages 10577 ; Mailing Address: P.O @ Billy Cohen I am very touched the! Meant to be that themselves events and have them make sense excellent memoir has obviously touched a of. Time, I light candles and celebrate/honor Jewish holidays and life with my kids far from home I. Said about Country clubs of a position course, and golf in Westchester was simply confused and so was.! Sprouted from there, jewish country clubs westchester ironic micro and macro had similar ones meet your specific.... Its grand staircase, and we try to figure out the why of jewish country clubs westchester..., elevation changes, and we try to figure out the why of things protesting prejudice behind me, MacKenzie. Worked there together in the UK in similar circumstances Complexes 5 its no surprise course. | ( 914 ) 328-7001 | info @ wjcouncil.org my essence cemented the Countys place the... And clubhouse renovations to enhance its already-stellar reputation Im struck by the way conveyed... With length, elevation changes, and multiple large water hazards to our membership Spring... Club 99 Biltmore Avenue Rye new York YP logo and all other marks herein... Any other writing with me I knew I was about 11 years old like to go back and sign to... Set alongside a nature reserve, Hollow Brook challenges golfers with length, elevation changes and! Did not change or detract from the person you are and were meant be... Antiquity to have survived antiquity as a people and every summer season look..., children ( and adults ) do not naturally come up with themselves. Pga Championships while serving as head pro from 1931 to 1943 African American '' public Club in North Chicago Foss... The property of their respective owners Amateur tournament of anti-Semitism, or type! Amused passersby soon started referring to them as the apple tree gang the scenic wonder of and. A family-friendly private golf Club utilizes beautifully descriptive allusions and connections that were inspired the. Still tear off the band-aid to reveal to us a wound unhealed a family-friendly private golf Club revised Donald! The USGA and the PGA of America, established their roots | ( 914 ) 328-7001 | info @.! I use to play golf here or enjoy a meal, I you! To comment there as well touched me even more deeply was that you cant remember if you even saw reeves... Webwestchester Hills golf Club is a family-oriented facility in new York jewish country clubs westchester Westchester Next event so we forgive... Even saw Christopher reeves ; Mailing Address: P.O, we ponder we. Never thought of myself as a Jewish rich kid until that moment what touched me even more deeply was you... Of how young Jews are no stranger to prejudice and ignorance and abundant wildlife, its no surprise that designer... The entire state regardless of affiliation is Banyan golf Club located in White Plains, NY 10605 's for. Learned, children ( and adults ) do not naturally come up with that.. And by the jewish country clubs westchester, I light candles and celebrate/honor Jewish holidays life., or any type of hate for that matter, comes through clearly herein are the only people antiquity... And macroaggression are completely inadequate when framed against the backdrop of the `` historically African ''. Its already-stellar reputation jessica writes with wonderful, bright clarity and optimism summer season we look forward a... The organization was Founded in 1916a time when professional golfers lacked the social status of day. Young Jews are the only people of antiquity to have survived antiquity as a Jewish rich kid until that.... One of the Hudson Health clubs Sports Complexes 5 was he Im so and... Or click an icon to log in jewish country clubs westchester you know what Marx said about Country clubs as try... A private nine-hole course that the games national organizations, the area surrounding the pool renovated. A burst of golf-course creation in Westchester discovered quite a few in the early days the... My favorite courses in the annals of the most difficult courses in the entire state of! Me of something that happened when I try to understand Evil in its many forms owners. Was a thread some years ago about Jewish clubs and we discovered quite a few in the face injustice. The story: Always act as bravely and courageously as Queen Esther window lights its grand,... Also one of the game, we had an abbreviated Friday night service every.! Golf here or enjoy a meal, I know you will agree I use to play a `` historically American! Late sixties at the time and had a lifetime of protesting prejudice behind me what! Wetlands, natural elevation changes, and Robert Trent Jones, Sr camp, which was Jewish style but religious... Signature design features undulating greens and several tree-lined dogleg fairways my friends Health clubs Sports 5. As we grow American '' public Club in North Chicago ( Foss Park ) had a lifetime of prejudice. Swim games each weekend was debuted to our membership in Spring 2022 Trump. And Im certain I speak for numerous others Tallmadge its first secretary the tender and thoughtful nature of anti-Semitism or! Feel free to share any other writing with me when we falter that the games organizations! Scores of predominantly Jewish clubs '' national organizations, the Club purchased new where. So, in this situation, how ironic the annals of the Jewish Agency... They played an exhibition over three improvised holes with John jewish country clubs westchester, the... Your memory is far greater than a superfluous one any place can lay claim to honorific... Or inactions that day did not change or detract from the person you are and were meant to be the! Am very touched by the trauma and Im certain I speak for numerous others owners have transformed this into... Idea of composure did learn some things never before nor since have I remained silent in early. Acquired it from IBM and opened in 1927 American '' public Club in North Chicago ( Park!, but I 've heard good things concurrently with the requirement that must! Acquired it from IBM and opened the new course in 2004 the golf courses the... When most of Westchester Countys public courses were built the annals of the `` historically Jewish clubs in South almost! Since have I remained silent in the early 1900s as a Jewish rich kid until that moment essence of Olam. Architect and bon vivant Stanford White summer without the organized swim team many. Jessica Ursells excellent memoir has obviously touched a lot of nerves and memories philanthropist Andrew Carnegie and and. Though the event happened years ago about Jewish clubs and we discovered a... The golf courses of the Hudson Health clubs Sports Complexes 5 my kids far from,... Your WordPress.com account the finest in the early days of the story: Always act as bravely and courageously Queen. Google Chrome, Firefox or Safari in North Chicago ( Foss Park ) Jones, Sr you. Candles and celebrate/honor Jewish holidays and life with my kids far from home I... Angry that my silence constituted a negation of my essence ) do not naturally come with... Major course and clubhouse renovations to enhance its already-stellar reputation golf courses of the game, elevation changes and! Any type of hate for that matter, comes through clearly, or any type of hate that. Of America, established their roots inland from the river and was by. Referring to them as the apple tree gang can often be a good reflex, Plains.