In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. Matters came to a head on the night of January 19, 1990. More than 500000 Kashmiri Pandits migrated during the period of few weeks in 1990. Many Pandits celebrated the Indian government move as they believe it will pave the way for their return to the Valley. Around 9 PM, loud and thunderous Islamic and pro-Pakistan slogans raised collectively by a multitude of humanity and relayed through powerful loudspeakers almost pierced ear drums. Antagonism over the Russia-Ukraine war has left G-20 host India in the unenviable position of trying to reconcile clearly irreconcilable differences. [55], According to the 1941 census, there were 78,800 Kashmiri Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. [53], Panun Kashmir has made demands for a separate homeland for the community in the southern part of Kashmir. The exodus of people from Kashmir Valley began only after then Jammu and Kashmir governor Jagmohan asked them, especially Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs, to leave, saying he would not be able to protect them, Chowdhury said in Lok Sabha while raising the issue during Zero Hour. At the minimum level, these terms would include security to life and property and, at a broader level, a consensual rehabilitation scheme.[ref]. He asked Kashmiri Muslims to make Pandits feel more secure. Those who chose to the first of these were told to leave their women behind. By 2011, only an estimated 2,700-3,400 Pandits remained in the Kashmir Valley. Hindu community native to the Kashmir Valley, Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, List of Jammu and Kashmir related articles, "30 years on, return to homeland eludes Kashmiri Pandits", "Survival is now our Politics: Kashmiri Hindu community identity and the Politics of Homeland", "Kashmiri Pandits: Why we never fled Kashmir", Kashmiri Pandits offered three choices by Radical Islamists, "25 years after exodus of Kashmiri Pandits from the Valley, questions over return remain", "BBC World Service | World Agenda - Give me land", "23 years on, Kashmiri Pandits remain refugees in their own nation - Rediff.com India News", Senate Joint Resolution 23, 75th OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY2009 Regular Session, "Front Page: "219 Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants since 1989", "Kashmiri Pandits: Why we never fled Kashmir Kashmir: The forgotten conflict", "399 Pandits killed since 1990 KPSS Lastupdate:- Mon, 20 Jun 2011 18:30:00 GMT", "The tragedy of Kashmiri Pandits (Part IV)", "Only 1 Pandit family returned to Valley in 25 years", "When will we finally return home, ask displaced Kashmiri Pandits", "Kashmiri pandit team to visit valley to negotiate for peace", "Forget Delimitation; Divide Kashmir; Grant Statehood to Jammu: IkkJutt Jammu", Census of India, 1941, Volume XXII, Parts I & II (1943), Census of India, 1941, Volume XXII, Part III (1943), "Cabinet approves the proposal to provide State Government jobs and transit accommodations in the Kashmir Valley for the rehabilitation of Kashmiri migrants", "Gangbal yatra to commence after 100 yrs in Kashmir", "Kheer Bhawani Temple | District Ganderbal, Government of Jammu and Kashmir", "Valley divide impacts Kashmiri, pandit youth switch to devnagari", "Hindu Muslim unity depicted at Mata Khirbhawani temple in Kashmir", "Anupam Kher to work for Empowerment of Kashmiri Pandit Community", Panun Kashmir: A Homeland for Kashmiri Pandits, 'God of Small Things,' Travelogue in The Indian Express, 5 March 2006, by Arjun Razdan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kashmiri_Pandits&oldid=1138786638, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with empty sections from March 2020, Articles with failed verification from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 16:26. However, Farooq Abdullah's first stint as chief minister was short-lived; he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political coup in 1984. Sun worship is believed to have been brought into Kashmir by Kushan kings from Iran. A section of Kashmiri Muslim youth was radicalised, armed, and tutored in Islamic fundamentalism. However, the problems of Kashmiri Pandits have not ISI-sponsored Pro-Pakistan outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was founded in 1989. We are a group of patriots who love our motherland - Bharat Mata! He announced that if they chose to stay back, he would not be able to guarantee their safety. The Hindu caste system of the Kashmir region was influenced by the influx of Buddhism from the time of Asoka, around the third century BCE, and a consequence of this was that the traditional lines of varna were blurred, with the exception of that for the Brahmins. A migrant Pandit, named K.L Koul, says that the Pandits were told that the government has plans of killing one lakh Kashmiri Muslims in order to overcome the uprising against India. However, these offers have failed to elicit much of a response. Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan Further, the film shows that Al-Safa carried a threat commanding Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley before the night of the exodus 'Al-Safa, Pandit dafa,' a child holding the newspaper recites in the movie. The Valleys BJP leader Tika Lal Taploo was shot dead on September 13. In another incident of violence on 25 January, a week into the Janata Dal governor's rule, 4 Indian Air Force (IAF) officers were gunned down while 40 personnel were injured in a militant attack at a bus stop in Rawalpora. Several Hindu temples and houses were targeted in the city. Swamy's remarks come in the midst of a controversy over the movie 'The Kashmir [70] They also wear the mekhal, which is a type of girdle. India is a peaceful country to the extent that its dear neighbor Pakistan works on the premise that whatever madness they do india will politely as This article is protected. Should it provide these Pandit settlements in the Valley with tight security, people would be keen to return home, he adds. [45], As of October 2015, only 1 Kashmiri Pandit family returned to the Kashmir valley since 1990 according to the Jammu & Kashmir government despite the financial assistance being given for rehabilitation. for Us, opposition to such Pandit-only settlements. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. 4000+ stories. It was evident that Kashmiri Muslims wanted us to leave the Valley, Ashok Dhar, who left Baramulla for Jammu on February 2, 1990, told The Diplomat. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. View, About JKLF targeted a Kashmiri Hindu for the first time on 14 September 1989, when they killed Tika Lal Taploo, a lawyer and a prominent leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Jammu and Kashmir, in front of several eyewitnesses. Best of 2022: The Kashmir Files, a narrative set against the backdrop of militancy, has been held up as the truth of Kashmir by its director. Register to create an account, unlock various features at every User Access Level and enjoy the perks of being our Certified Editor. The published threat, however, came nearly three months after one of the darkest nights in Jammu and Kashmir 19 January 1990 observed as the Exodus Day by the Kashmiri Hindu community. Yet their return looks as difficult as it ever did. On that day, mosques issued declarations that the Kashmiri Pandits were Kafirs and that the males had to leave Kashmir, convert to Islam or be killed. 22 Mar 2022. You are not allowed to edit this article at this level. During the period of Sheth, the former director of the Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), lists Indian communities that constituted the middle class and were traditionally "Urban and professional" (following professions like doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers, etc.) In 1986, as opposition to the Shah government grew, Rajiv Gandhi resurrected Farooq Abdullah, who became CM once again. [71], There are many references to the wearing of jewellery by both sexes, but a significant omission from them is any record of the dejihor worn on the ear by women today as a symbol of their being married. The government should set up self-contained townships exclusively for returning Pandits, Dhar says. In many cases, their properties were either immediately vandalised or sold quickly by the owners to Kashmiri Muslims. Raising the issue later during Zero Hour, BJP member Sunil Kumar Singh demanded that the government start a probe into the "large scale atrocities" committed on Hindus and Sikhs in Kashmir from 1980 to 1990, especially in the period between 1984 to 1989 when Rajiv Gandhi was the prime minister, and culprits be punished. A township of two-room tenements called Jagti was built in Jammu in the last decade to house 4,000-5,000 Pandit families who remained there. Developments in the first three weeks of 1990 further fueled their fears. Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. Enjoy an ad lite experience on TOI+. Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. All three subcastes interdine and interteach, but only the Jotish and Krkun subcastes intermarry.[22]. Besides, a Pandit ghetto is sure to be targeted by Islamist radicals, she told The Diplomat. Even so, small numbers remain. WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. Congress was in opposition during Kashmir Pandit exodus: Madhya Pradesh ex-CM Digvijaya Singh Waiting for the triple product launch & spec reveal by OnePlus on 28th April? Please take some time to moderate it now! Because the truth is worth it.). On January 19, 1990, the Vally witnessed the most gruesome night in the history of the exodus of Kashmiri [15], A historically contested region, Northern India was subject to attack from Turkic and Arab regimes from the eighth century onwards, but they generally ignored the mountain-circled Kashmir Valley in favour of easier pickings elsewhere. Happy Editing! Brahmins were at that time generally being offered grants of land in other areas by rulers seeking to utilise the traditionally high literacy and general education of the community, as well as the legitimacy conferred upon them by association. [46] As of 2016, a total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit youths have returned to the valley since the announcing of Rs. Harmukh is traditionally revered by Kashmiri Pandits and in 2009 there was an attempt by them to revive pilgrimages to the site. WebNew Delhi: Recalling the dreadful images and horrors of the years that followed post the advent of militancy in Kashmir, Kashmiri Pandits urged the Central government to 'relocate' them to their native lands with respect and dignity and called for unity amongst the 'Kashmiri Pandits'. It is 30 years since the exodus from the Valley of its minority Hindu Kashmiri Pandit community. But within two years, the Centre broke up the NC, and installed dissident Ghulam Mohammed Shah as Chief Minister. A Kashmiri Pandit refugee camp in Jammu. Shortly afterwards, Amanullah Khan and Mohammad Maqbool Bhat gave birth to the Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) in 1977, whose goal was to work towards the 'liberation' of Kashmir from India and Pakistan. According to some estimates, notably by the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS), of 75,343 Kashmiri Pandit families in January 1990, more than 70,000 fled between 1990 and 1992. The hotly contested circumstances of their departure between January and March 1990, the numbers, and the issue of their return are an important side to the Kashmir story that has fed into the Hindu-Muslim polarisation in India over the years, in turn fuelling the Hindu-Muslim chasm in the Valley. [9][60] The longing to return to the Valley did not diminish over the years, though it may have become more an idea than a real ambition. The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. In exchange for Rubaiya, five JKLF associates were freed from jails. [16][17] Mohibbul Hasan describes this collapse as .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The Dmaras (feudal chiefs) grew powerful, defied royal authority, and by their constant revolts plunged the country into confusion. But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". [18], Zulju, who was probably a Mongol from Turkistan,[19] wreaked devastation in 1320, when he commanded a force that conquered many regions of the Kashmir Valley. An eye-witness report by two investigative journalists on the ground in Prato, Italy. A number of Kashmiri Muslims, National Conference leaders, and Indian government officials were also terrorised. Vivek Agnihotri's film, The Kashmir Files, explores the tragic history of the Kashmiri Pandit exodus, positing itself as an account of the events that transpired in the Valley in the early 1990s. Men, too, might adopt stylish arrangements and wear flowers in their hair, if they had the financial means to do so. Wajahat Habibullah, then a senior official in the J&K government and posted in Anantnag in 1990 as Special Commissioner, has written (Citizen, April 2015) that in March 1990, several hundred people gathered in front of his office demanding to know whey the Pandits were leaving and accused the administration of encouraging them to go, so that the Army would be free to unleash its heavy artillery on all habitations. The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during The other contentious question about the exodus is the role played by the administration, and more specifically that of the J&K Governor, Jagmohan. The kidnappers demanded the release of five of their members in exchange for Rubaiya's release. It has been a long time since somebody has edited this article and is pending for moderation. On August 5, 2019, when the government did away with special status to J&K, among the loudest to cheer were Kashmiri Pandits, who saw it as a long pending revenge for what had happened to them three decades ago. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. Politician Mirwaiz Farooq of the All Jammu and Kashmir Awami Action Committee was shot dead by a militant of the Hizbul Mujahideen in 1990. 2023 Diplomat Media Inc. All Rights Reserved. The events of 19 January 1990 were particularly vicious. Kashmiri Hindus find themselves reliving the fear of the early 1990s amid a wave of targeted killings, but the government is keen to prevent another exodus. A BJP-supported Janata Dal government was at the Centre at the time of the exodus in 1990. Armed militants, dressed in army fatigues, infiltrated a colony of Kashmiri Pandits in Pulwama's Nadimarg on 23 March 2003. Instead, the notorious governor said that if the Pandits decided to leave, refugee camps had been set up for them and the departing civil servants would be continued to be paid their salaries. The flight continued until 2000. PM Rajiv Gandhis tenure ended on 2nd December 1989. It is against the Kashmiri ethos, a Pandit teacher based in Bengaluru said, stressing that exclusive townships and segregated communities would deepen the divide between Pandits and Muslims in the Valley. Ministers have tweeted that it is based on true stories of Kashmiri Pandits. We will go back on our own terms," Kashmiri Samiti president Sunil Shakdher said in August 2002 in response to the then Farooq Abdullah regimes proposed rehabilitation agenda. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. While apprehensions over their physical security are an important reason for Pandits not returning to their homes in the Valley, there are other problems too. "At that time, Rath Yatra of Lal Krishna Advani ji began and (Narendra) Modi ji, our (current) Prime Minister, became event manger of this yatra," he charged. Sheikh Abdullah had died in 1982, and the leadership of the National Conference passed on to his son Farooq Abdullah, who won the 1983 election. A highly literate community, they were disproportionately represented in the Kashmir bureaucracy as well as in the teaching, legal, and medical professions, prompting resentment among other communities in the Valley, especially Muslims, who comprise over 95 percent of the population. But that life of tranquility which they remember so fondly doesnt exist anymore in Kashmir. Congress' leader in Lok Sabha Adhir Ranjan Chowdhury on Monday sought to corner the ruling BJP over the exodus of minorities from Kashmir in 1990s, saying then Leader of Opposition Rajiv Gandhi had urged the then VP Singh government to intervene and stop the "atrocities" being committed on Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. In the decades since the Pandit exodus, Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed. Black Day: January 19 is observed as the Holocaust day by the Kashmiri Pandit community. "Kashmiri Pandits responsible for duress against Muslims should leave the Valley within two days," read a headline of a local Urdu newspaper, Al-Safa, on 14 April 1990. The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards. Approximately 2,17,000 Pandits still live in abysmal conditions in Jammu with families of five to six people often huddled into a small room. Even today The Kashmiri Muslim view of the exodus is that he encouraged the Pandits to leave the Valley and thus gave a communal colour to what was until then a non-religious Kashmiri cause. Gul Shah formed the government with support from the Congress at the state-level as well as the central. [48] Many Orders, Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief of Kashmiri Pandits. The Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) stepped up its activities, and the hanging of the militant leader Maqbool Bhat in 1984 added to the sense of foreboding. Play an active role in shaping our journalism by becoming a member. Without going into the complexities of power, politics, hatred, vendetta, agendas, and political priorities, I would like to opine that the governm News. Advertisement. [58] and the Anantnag district, where they were 7.84 percent of the population. WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. WebThe Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). The true story behind Rani Mukherjees latest film Mrs Chatterjee vs Nor How Rohingya issue reached ICJ, what its ruling means for Myanmar, ExplainSpeaking | How to read Q3 growth data. They couldnt. The years 1984 to 1990 were years of lawlessness and political turmoil in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, particularly in the Kashmi [19] The actions of Sultan Sikandar Butshikan (13891413), the seventh Muslim ruler in Kashmir were also significant to the area. There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. The 1989 capitulation to the JKLF in the kidnapping of Mufti Sayeeds daughter set the stage for the next decade. Most Popular. [75], The Kashmiri Pandits are divided into three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). Power, Crossroads [11][12] Prompted by the growth of Islamic militancy in the valley, large numbers left in the exodus of the 1990s. Just around 600 Pandit families stayed in the Valley. As the Kashmiri Pandits are enduring an uncertain and troubled time, let us take a look at their history and other important details. They have announced resettlement packages promising financial support and jobs for those who returned. She writes on South Asian political and security issues. An agreement, popularly known as the 1975 Indira-Sheikh Accord, was signed between Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah and then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. Kashmir has also been a land of Sun worship with shrines such as Martand Sun Temple established by Lalitaditya Muktapida. Short answer: Because of carelessness, lack of courage/desire and vote-bank politics of State and Central government. Long Answer: To know the reas Many followers of the traditional religions who did not convert to Islam instead migrated to other parts of India. The Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah In agreement with the Central government accepted their demands and freed the jailed terrorists. kashmiri pandit man Latest Breaking News, Pictures, Videos, and Special Reports from The Economic Times. Kashmiri Pandits are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. Asia, South After their husbands killings, these women desperately sought to protect their sons from ongoing violence, even as they are largely shunned by society. The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute The blatant electoral engineering, which disillusioned many Kashmiri youth, became a watershed event in Kashmir's political landscape and catalysed further insurgency. Habibullah wrote he also appealed to Jagmohan that he telecast an appeal to Pandits that they stay in Kashmir, assuring their safety on the basis of the assurance of the Anantnag residents. Habibullah denied this and told them that the Pandits could hardly be expected to stay when every mosque was blaring threats and members of their community had been murdered. WebGenocide of Kashmiri Pandits. WebThe Kashmiri Pandit exodus remains the biggest instance of ethnic cleansing of a community 1989, the Central Government completely lost its authority in JK. [20][21] It was during the 14th century that the Kashmiri Pandits likely split into their three subcastes: Guru/Bchabat (priests), Jotish (astrologers), and Krkun (who were historically mainly employed by the government). Why this hindu escape from tthier.brith Places or home land. What is the reason Ifound..One is no unity of hindu socity..still and yesterday also.. Jammu and Kashmir being the only Muslim majority state in whole of India, the protection of minorities and their living peacefully, in their homeland, is crucial for India to remain as a Secular Democratic State. Most of the Kashmiris fled during late hours, under the cover of the night. It sent shock waves through the Pandit community. The day marks the beginning of the genocide and ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Pandits on a mass scale that ultimately culminated in the complete exodus of the aboriginal indigenous people that represented a civilisation that was more than 5,000 years old. Many Pandits, especially the youth, feel little emotional or cultural connect to their Kashmiri heritage and homeland. WebPersian began to be used as the court language in Kashmir during the 14th centuries, under the influence of Islam. Out of the three, two date back to times before Narendra Modi came to power. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. In this exclusive interview, he recalls the events as they truly unfolded and not how they have been over dramatised and presented in the film The Kashmir Files which, he fears, aims The crimes committed against the Kashmiri Pandits are, by any yardstick, deserving of the strongest condemnation and there can be no gainsaying the acute Tens of thousands of Kashmiris and Indian security personnel have lost their Jihad, Islamisation, secession from India, merger with Pakistan, Hinduphobia, imposition of Sharia law, Murder, arson, rape, assassinations, kidnappings, riots, Ralive, Tsaliv ya Galive (convert to Islam, leave the place or die). From tthier.brith Places or home land that it is 30 years since Pandit... Of patriots who love our motherland - Bharat Mata he was deseated after an Indira Gandhi-led political in! 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Told the Diplomat Shah government grew, Rajiv Gandhi resurrected Farooq Abdullah in agreement with community. Who chose to stay back, he adds long time since somebody central government during kashmiri pandit exodus this. Panun Kashmir has seen immense bloodshed total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit community a member the problems of Pandits! Of 2016, a total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit community Mujahideen, was founded in 1989 various features every...