B. the humanistic view of management.C. 1. improves the company's ability to recruit and retain workers who wish to balance work and home life. Douglas McGregor, in developing the management theories X and Y, sought to increase the effectiveness of employees in the workplace by applying theory to practice. The purpose of this paper is therefore to offer to business and management readers a clear overview of McGregor's ideas, their use, critique, and contribution to . 3. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. Motivation and Improving Workplace Performance, Motivational Model: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, David Mcclelland - Achievement Motivation, Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (pdf), Free XY Theory test tool - personal and organisational - (doc version), Book onto our upcoming leadership webinar sessions here, C4: Planning Workload, Time Management and Prioritisation, C18: Customer, Partner and Stakeholder Management, C19: Collaboration and Sharing Best Practice, C20: Conflict, Negotiation and Influencing, CMI Level 3 in Principles of Management and Leadership, CMI Level 6 in Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 7 in Strategic Management and Leadership Practice, CMI Level 8 in Strategic Direction and Leadership Practice, CMI/ILM Level 3 Team Leader or Supervisor, CMI/ILM Level 5 Operations or Departmental Manager, Frederick Herzberg Background Information, The Development of Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory. Now, Diego focuses on being the best he can be. 2. IvyPanda. The commitment to achieving goals is a function of the rewards attributed to the success of the task. 4. Employees dislike their work and try to avoid completing it as much as possible. Both theories rest on the assumption that management is required to coordinate all aspects of the value delivery process to be productive. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Decentralization is the right way to motivate employees to complete tasks. 4. micromanaging employees. B. work is as natural as play or rest. 1. intrinsic reward Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. D. How much people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness, or equity, of the rewards they will receive in exchange. 1. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. An authoritative management style can hamper employee learning, building, and development. McGregor's theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, is a management approach proposed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise." The theory proposes two contrasting views of human behavior at work: Theory X assumes that employees are inherently unmotivated and need to be closely monitored and controlled in order to . Students are naturally predisposed to learn. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic 2. Shorten working hours 5. salary. Behavior modification. McGregor's theory of participation is closely related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs , a model in which motivation is used to achieve higher-level needs (social, esteem and self-actualization) after satisfying basic physiological and safety needs . Turn your workplace into a happy workplace! Most people are self-centered. Theory X is an authoritative approach to motivating employees where the manager has a pessimistic opinion about their team members. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. According to McGregor, Theory X managementassumes the following: Essentially, Theory X assumes that the primary source of employee motivation is monetary, with security as a strong second. Esperanza decides to allow employees to work a variety of jobs to relieve the boredom. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. 3. ignore the security needs of his employees. 3. the equity theory. As such, it is these higher-level needs through which employees can best be motivated. Rosalyn's boss is so impressed, she asks Rosalyn to complete the competitor analysis once a week in addition to her other tasks. Maslows theory uses a pyramid to describe the different types of needs that need to be met. 5. 1. Motivation is a topic that is being discussed more and more as the world continues to change at an exponential rate. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. 1. Theory X and Theory Y were part of McGregor's philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. The two theories proposed by McGregor describe contrasting models of workforce motivation applied by managers in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development. DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. 2. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. 4. Commitment to objectives is a function of rewards associated with their achievement. The soft approach results in a growingdesire for greater reward in exchange for diminished work output. The X-Y. 2. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. 1. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. reward is the sole motivator for workers. It is unambitious, looking for safety above all else. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. Douglas McGregor spent the end of the 1950's and the early 1960's working on his motivation theory. To a relatively high degree, the ability to exercise the imagination, talent, and creative spirit in solving organizational problems are distributed, and not sparsely, among people. What is an advantage of using a flextime schedule? Abraham Maslow. Moved by self-orientation and self-control, the individual will put himself at the service of the goals that he strived to achieve within the organization. This enables them to modify their leadership style accordingly and create systems that motivate their workers. Moving Motivators, for example, suggests meaningful reflections on what motivates people and how context changes influence what motivates us most. He noted, though, that whether a manager could explicate his/her theory was unimportant, because a manager's theory (attitudes) could Most people are not ambitious, have little desire for responsibility, and prefer to be directed. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. Your email address will not be published. B)the humanistic view of management. Douglas McGregor (1957) developed a philosophical view of humankind with his Theory X and Theory Y two opposing perceptions about how people view human behavior at work and organizational life. It was inspired by Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and its roots are also based in the Motivation Theory. There is often a central authority base and managers follow an authoritative leadership style. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. This is an incorrect collective assumption. hygiene factor? This company has adopted: Aliyah is likely to assume that: Although new theories and practices have emerged regarding the theme, the foundations and principles of motivation are from a long time ago. They led to the belief that nothing will motivate workers who 3. a compressed workweek. Theory X advanced the view that human beings have an innate dislike for work. 4. job enlargement. 1. 2. self-actualization needs Correct Answer: Tags Add Choose question tag 5. decrease in productivity as work hours increased, An ________ is the personal satisfaction and enjoyment that a person feels from attaining a goal. Educators who believe in Theory X would agree with the following statements: Educators who believe in Theory Y would have different assumptions: While it may seem like McGregors Theories of X and Y are outdated, they can actually still be applied in many business settings today. This book describes the development of two new theories X and Y. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. 2. This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? 1. It increases communication between managers and employees. McGregor's X-Y theory is a salutary and simple reminder of the natural rules for managing people, which under the pressure of day-to-day business are all too easily forgotten. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Anand believes that he can force his subordinates to work extra hours through close supervision. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. The approach focuses on persuading employees to complete work by motivating them with incentives and punishing them if they cannot complete the task. Necessary rewards upon task completion can be given to keep employees motivated. 2. All Rights Reserved. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. Douglas McGregor. These do not require any motivation to work. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. 4. Job hopping One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. Theory Y does no better than Theory X. The company usesmonetary rewards and benefits to satisfy employees lower-level needs. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Motivation and Engagement is an essential part: You will learn how engagement relates to motivation, get introduced to difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and get to know the CHAMPFROGS model, the ten motivators and how to use the Moving Motivator Cards to learn about individual motivators of people. Motivation refers to doing something to entice an employee to attract his or her attention to do the work better and increase production. Influencing such major management gurus such as Peter Drucker and Warren Bennis, McGregor's revolutionary Theory Y-which contends that individuals are self-motivated and self-directed-and Theory X-in which employees must be commanded and controlled-has been widely taught in business schools, industrial relations schools, psychology departments . Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. Sadly these cookies aren't the yummy kind, but the kind that help improve your website experience. The average person dislikes work and will avoid it if he/she can. Leaders are people that organize and coordinate their followers towards the attainment of certain organizational goals. 5. Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. A problem 4. working condition Douglas McGregor expressed his views of human nature in two sets of assumptions. It negates the assumptions of Theory X and vice versa. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. Drawing on Maslows hierarchy of needs, McGregor argues that a need, once satisfied, no longer motivates. 4. physiological needs Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. conditions to increase productivity. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. However, if the team members are self decision-makers and enjoy freedom and responsibility, managers should opt for a democratic management style. The person primarily associated with the Hawthorne studies is Anand could be described as: A. a Theory X manager according to McGregor. This arrangement is called: In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. McGregor's XY Theory remains central to organisational development, and to improving organisational culture. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Which of the following is an unethical or illegal behavior Kelsey may exhibit to equalize the situation? Workers are eager to participate in decision-making. 1. 5. Managers also have assumptions about their employees in Theory Y: These assumptions lead to a better managerial approach and this greater satisfaction in the workplace. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. Theory X provides high power to the superiors; it is biased as it does not consider employee recognition and development. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? It is possible to observe a strong interdependence between Theory Y and enabling leadership, an attractive corporate culture for people and teams that relate to each other with trust and respect. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. 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